• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Set of variable pitch of active blade with passive safety system for wind turbines, with which all the blades of a rotor are adjusted in a solidary manner and in a single action, for which a hydraulic power unit is required, a sensor position or transponder, a piston and an actuator located inside the shaft of the generator, which allow the sliding of a slide and associated mechanisms, which are located in the rotor itself, and which allows the joint movement and adjustment of the blades of a wind turbine so that the generation of energy is achieved in an optimal way, and in which a safety and brake spring is included, which are safety elements so that in the event of a drop in the electrical supply the entire wind turbine is safe. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2567505A1
    申请号:ES201630010
    申请日:2016-01-11
    公开日:2016-04-22
    发明作者:David BORNAY RICO
    申请人:ENAIR ENERGY S L；Enair Energy SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Variable pitch set of active blade with passive safety system.
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The present specification defines a set of active variable pitch control elements and adjustment of the blades of a wind turbine, in which by means of which all the rotor blades of said rotor are set in a solidary manner and in a single action wind turbine, for what is required of a hydraulic power plant, a position sensor or transponder, and an actuator for the sliding of a mechanism located in the rotor itself that allows the movement and adjustment of the blades so that the power generation is achieved in an optimal way, and in which a series of passive safety elements are included so that in the event of a fall in the electricity supply the wind turbine assembly is safe.
    The present innovation and its field of application is designed to be implemented in the power generation sector and specifically this innovation is preferably intended to be installed in wind turbines.
    BACKGROUND
    In the sector of the electric generation by means of wind turbines different types of control systems of the step of the blades are distinguished. In general, passive and active types can be distinguished.
    As a summary, passive systems are those in which the regulation and control of the system is through the design of a blade profile so that aerodynamic loss is increased as wind speed increases, and can be included accessory elements as counterweights, for which the ES1142057U and ES106877U registers are highlighted; inclusion of membranes on the surface of the blade as in the records E52388514, EP 1613860 and W020 1 0023278; or other elements that alter or are activated by the forces that appear on the wind turbine blades.
    On the other hand we find the active systems, to which the present invention belongs, in which the blades modify their position precisely depending on the conditions to which the blade is subjected at all times. Within the active systems of the control of the variable pitch of the blades we can find different solutions, such as usually the mechanical systems activated by an electric motor, the hydraulic systems or conjunction of both. Similarly, it can be said that these sources of movement can act independently on each of the blades or on a mechanism that acts in solidarity on all the blades at the same time. Systems that act independently on each of the blades slightly increase the performance, but complicate the control system since in order to ensure correct synchrony between each of the blades, the system triples the chances of failure, and therefore the system control is likely to have a breakdown for each blade that may have associated the rotor. On the other hand, systems with a solidarity movement simplify the mechanism at the cost of losing some efficiency, but this is reliably supplied by the system.
    Within the systems that act individually on each of the blades, we can highlight records such as ES2178955 that defines an electro-hydraulic system that acts individually on each of the blades, in which the individual performance is through a plurality of supports at the base of each of the blades, the assembly being regulated by the movement of discs; the ES218l572 register that defines an electrohydraulic system that also acts individually on each of the blades, in which the individual regulation of each of the blades is by means of a series of gears connected to each of the individual actuators; EP1533520 register that defines an electrohydraulic system, in which there are a plurality of systems depending on the number of blades, which are connected by a hydraulic pump next to a rotating support of the base of the blade, and different valves acting on that individual support; register US6457487 that defines a hydraulic system with different valves and individual return circuits for each of the blades that are integrated in the rotor, connected to a common central tank;
    or the ES1066996U register that defines a hydraulic system with two independent hydraulic circuits for each of the rotor blades and different accumulators for these circuits. On the other hand, among the systems with a solidarity movement, the FR2748296 registers that define a pneumatic adjustment by means of a plurality of programmable and remotely operated magnetic valves can be highlighted; US4503673, which defines a hydraulic system for adjusting rotor blades that has a requestable hydraulic cylinder, four magnetic switching valves, a pressure limiting valve and a reservoir; the W020 I 0097482 register defining an electromechanical system based on the movement of the blades by a two stage gear multiplier; or the US692 1985 register defining an electromechanical control system by means of a central gear mechanism.
    Well, the object of the present invention is to show an active variable pitch control assembly or device, which is economical and reliable, and which is based on a hydraulic system and a mechanism of solidarity movement of the wind turbine blades, in the that the particularity of the structure of the different elements that is differentiated from those existing in the state of the art and known by the applicant is highlighted, and that not only presents a different solution and that provides technical and productive advantages, but that they allow the integration of an additional passive safety element that makes the wind turbine assembly a more reliable element in the event of possible electric drops.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The active control assembly of the adjustment of the blades of a rotor of a wind turbine and with passive safety system described below is composed of a triangular shaped rotor, the elements located inside the rotor that confront the variable pitch, an actuator, and a hydraulic power plant with the piston responsible for moving the previous actuator, and all this regulated by a programmed algorithm that controls the assembly; and also with the union or annexation of elements already known in the structure of the wind turbines they configure a new structure that improves the existing performance to date in the production / reliability relationship and adds the introduction of a safety element, as previously it has been described
    Specifically, we can define that the rotor is inside the hub of the wind turbine, and said rotor has a triangular bulb to reduce weight and at the same time offer great resistance, and with which it is sought that the material is only in the vectors of force transmission. Said rotor has an opening in its base or support, which is circular and through it the elements from the control system are introduced, such as the axis of the generator and the actuator. Additionally, the triangular rotor configuration allows the different elements that make up the variable pitch to be located inside.
    The elements that make up the variable pitch system are the elements that communicate the actuator system with the blades. In this case, as previously mentioned in the background of the invention, the present invention defines an active system, therefore there are no additional elements in the blades such as counterweights. In this way, the variable pitch system is composed of a plurality of paddle supports, in this case three supports, in which a support shaft is fixed that fixes the blade at the end of which a connecting rod that communicates with a tie rod is located, which connects with a slider that in turn joins a slide. The slide is a common element for the three blades, and has an axial movement inside the rotor. This movement or displacement is regulated by the action of the actuator, coming from the regulation system located in the gondola of the wind turbine, and in which said slide at its final end of the hub has a spring and its safety stop. The axial movement of the slide is fixed by a plurality of guides.
    This slide is a key element of the assembly, since as just described, it allows the movement of the plurality of the blades fixed to the rotor to be integral, that is, that the axial movement of said slide pulls the connecting rods and it transmits a radial movement to the support axes of the blades that cause the position of the blades to be modified according to the productive or safety needs of the wind turbine. At this point, it is worth mentioning the important function that the spring has, which is itself a safety element that allows the movement of the slide and the transmission of the force to the connecting rods to be reliable and accurate, as well as introducing a new system of security in charge of giving extra and final security, which would act, even in the case of power supply failures, since it would be necessary to dampen and make sure the bushing movement with respect to the control systems located in the gondola.
    Once the elements of the variable passage located in the hub are defined, they proceed to describe their connection to the control system located in the wind turbine gondola. This connection is by means of an axial movement longitudinal actuator I, which communicates the previously described slide, with the positioning piston connected to the hydraulic power plant and to the control system, all of them located in the gondola. At this point it should be noted that the actuator is a bar located longitudinally inside the generator shaft, therefore while the generator shaft has a rotating or radial movement produced by the rotation of the triangular rotor, the actuator is an element that has an axial movement that causes the slide to move forward or backward axially inside the rotor.
    The connection point between the actuator, which, as we have seen, is located inside the axis of the generator, and the rotor slide is another important point of the invention. In this case, it is previously possible to define that the generator shaft is attached to the rotor by means of a coupling that precisely couples said shaft and the rotor support. Previously it was defined that the support and the base of the rotor had a central opening, it is precisely because of this central opening that the actuator is inserted into the rotor. In the connection area between the actuator and the base of the slide are located some bearings, preferably in two planes, which hang on the one hand that the generator shaft rotates without interacting with the actuator, and also position the actuator centered on the base of the slide. In this sense at the base of the slide there is also a small notch that allows the end of the actuator to be introduced and the transmission of the force and movement of forward and reverse is more reliable.
    The rest of the elements that make up the control system and the rest of the elements that make up the wind turbine assembly are located in the gondola. In this regard, it should be noted that said invention is preferably intended to be installed in a generator of the direct type without demultiplier of the PMG type or three-phase permanent magnet generator, in which it is again insisted that the actuator goes inside the generator shaft , in which said actuator does not turn but only has an axial forward / backward movement. For this, it is necessary to highlight that the generator is fixed to the base of the gondola, and that the generator shaft has a previous support inlet to the bushing, said shaft support having an inner bearing that allows the shaft to rotate and that at its Once centered for connection to the rotor. In the present invention a single type of generator is not defined, but as previously stated, the invention is intended to be located in a direct generator without a multiplier, however it can be perfectly installed in other types of generators that do require multiples, for which it would be necessary to locate different supports of the axis.
    Once the correct centering and location of the generator shaft is defined, through which the actuator moves axially interiomlently, and once the actuator leaves the internal scope of said axis, the variable pitch control system is reached, which is located independently of the generator. The control system is defined by a series of elements, which are summarized in a hydraulic power plant, a position sensor or transponder, a positioning piston and a brake. The hydraulic piston is placed at the front end of the wind turbine, taking into account that the rotor goes to leeward. This piston has a transponder O position sensor inside which is connected and directs the moving piston rod. This rod is the one that communicates and joins with the end of the actuator, such that the rod directed by the transponder transmits the exact necessary movement to the actuator. Finally, in its internal axial movement along the axis of the generator, it transmits said displacement to the rotor slider and therefore precisely moves the position of the blades. To allow the piston to travel, a separator is included next and a hydraulic unit with its corresponding compressor, tank and valves is installed on top. The control system is included in the power control unit and goes in a cabinet installed in a booth at ground level. The control system sends the forward and backward signals to the actuator through the collector or tower, by sending the exact signal to the piston position sensor.
    Next, we proceed to explain a preferred solution for the operation of the solidarity device for controlling the adjustment of the blades of a rotor or variable pitch of the wind turbine, which is a control system that by means of a device that integrates a hydraulic system and a solidarity mechanism of the blades in which both two systems ensure high reliability and also facilitate the integration of the previously described spring as a passive safety system. Additionally, as can be seen in the figures below, and as already described above, the preferred solution for which the present invention has been designed is an IOkW wind turbine with direct PMG type generator without gearbox, in which actuator It goes inside the generator shaft.
    The control system monitors the wind speed and when it detects that the wind reaches 3m / s it sets the blades at the ideal starting angle. The control system sends the signal to the hydraulic power plant to move the piston and this, by means of the actuator that goes inside the generator shaft moves the slide over the guides, which pulls the connecting rods in solidarity with the support axes of the Pallas.
    When the generated power begins to increase, the control system places the blades in the nominal production position while the power is below the IOkW. When IOkW are exceeded, the control system acts to reduce the pitch of the blades and thus keep production under control. Thus the piston moves forward or backward depending on the different control parameters and the programmed control algorithm.
    The hydraulic system has a safety valve, which in the event of an emergency stop or lack of current, the hydraulic fluid is freely opened and allowed to pass through the tank, leaving the piston free. In this way the spring can act on the variable pitch and leave it in a position of aerodynamic stop or rest. This is the reason why the wall is the very characteristic element and that differentiates this invention from the rest of the variable pitch systems. This pier is responsible for providing extra and ultimate security, which would act, even in the case of power failures. This system guarantees that regardless of the cause of the failure, in case of malfunction, the system will always stop.
    In addition, the wind turbine has a mechanical brake, which, like the hydraulic system, in the case of running out of power, goes into operation and brakes the rotor.
    In this way the wind turbine has two emergency braking systems5 insurance On the one hand we have the mechanical brake and on the other the exclusive systemactuated by the spring of repose of the variable pitch / blades.
    In order to complete the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part thereof, with illustrative character and not
    10 limiting the following has been represented:
    Fig.I.-Represents a side elevation of the set of elements of the active blade variable pitch control device with passive wind turbine safety system.
    Fig. 2 .-- Represents a free perspective of the internal elements of the hub and the 15 gondola of a wind turbine.
    Fig. 3.- Represents a free perspective of a detail of the previous figure, in which the elements of the active blade variable pitch control device with passive safety system and the rest of the wind turbine elements are detailed.
    Fig. 4.- Represents a longitudinal section of the elements that make up the wind turbine.
    Fig. 5.- Represents a detail of the previous figure, specifically that of the area of union between the rotor and the actuator.
    Figure 6. - Front representation of the rotor with triangular shape.
    Description of the drawings
    25 Figure I shows a side elevation of the set of active blade variable pitch control elements with passive wind turbine safety system. Specifically, the rotor (1), the different blades (11) coupled to the rotor, the safety spring (3) and its stop (30), the actuator (4) as introduced by the support base (10) can be seen of the rotor (1) And it allows to move the slide (2), and as in the other end of the actuator (4) we find the hydraulic power plant (5) with its separator (50), the piston (6), the transponder (7 ) and the brake (8).
    Figure 2 represents a perspective of the elements that make up the invention, that is, the rotor (1), the blades (11), the hydraulic power plant (6) with its separator (60), the piston (6), the transponder (7), the brake (8), but also include other necessary elements that complete the wind turbine assembly. As defined above in the preferred embodiment, a type of wind turbine is incorporated which incorporates a generator (9) of the direct PMG type without a multiplier, in which the actuator goes inside the axis (90) of the generator. For that reason the actuator (4) is not observed if represented in the previous figure. In order to be able to expose in greater detail the elements in this referenced figure, a call is made to Figure 3.
    In Figure 3 you can see in more detail all these previously referenced elements, and other additional elements. Specifically, it can be seen how the rotor (1) is triangular, and houses inside a series of elements that make up the variable pitch. The blades (1 1) are coupled to said rotor by means of the support shaft (12). The base (10) or rotor support (1) has an opening through which the rotor (1) is connected to the shaft (90) of the generator, which incorporates the actuator (4) (not referenced) inside . You can also see the location of the slide (2), which is moved by the action of the actuator (4) (not referenced). Said movement, as explained in the description, is axial and fixed by means of a plurality of guides (20) and also attached to a slider. In contact with the slide (2) the spring (3) and its end stop (30) can be observed. Taking these elements into account, one can intuit how the movement of the actuator (4) (not referenced) that is inside the axis (90) of the generator, moves the slider (2) and this transmits the movement in solidarity the braces, these to the connecting rods and these communicate the movement to the support axis (12) of each of the blades (1 1) of the wind turbine. We can say that all these elements previously described in this figure are located in the wind turbine hub, and therefore, the rest of the elements that define this figure are located in the gondola. Specifically, in this Figure 3 the location of the generator (9) is observed, which, as we have said in the preferred embodiment, is of the direct PMG type without multiplier. This generator (9), fixed to the base of the gondola (91) and the manifold (93) or tower, communicates with the hub by means of the generator shaft (90), in which it is insisted again that the actuator (4) (not referenced) goes inside said generator axis, and in which said actuator (4) does not rotate but only has an axial forward / backward movement, while the axis (90) has a movement circular. As can be seen, the shaft (90) of the generator has a support (92) prior to entering the bushing, said shaft support having an inner bearing
    (920) (not referenced) that allows the shaft to rotate and in turn to center it for connection with the rotor (1). Finally, in the present figure it can be seen that next to the generator (9) the brake (8) is located, followed by the hydraulic power plant (5) that is placed on the separator (50) between the brake and the piston (6) , in which at the end of said piston (6) we find the transponder or position sensor (7).
    In order to be able to conveniently define the internal elements of the device object of the invention, Figure 4 is also attached, in which a section of the whole set of the invention and of the elements defined in Figure 3 is observed.
    In said Figure 4, the elements located in the hub can be seen, that is, that the blades (11) are coupled to said rotor by means of the support shaft (12). The base (10) or rotor support (1) has an opening through which the rotor (1) is connected to the shaft (90) of the generator, which incorporates the actuator (4) inside. The location of the slide (2) can also be observed, which is moved by the action of the actuator (4), said movement being fixed by means of a plurality of guides (20) and also connected to a slider (21). In contact with the slide (2) the spring (3) and its end stop (30) can be observed. The movement of the slide (2) and transmits the movement to the braces (13), these to the connecting rods (14) and these communicate the movement to the support axis (12) of each of the blades (1 1) ) of the wind turbine. In order to better define the contact area between the axis (90) of the generator and the rotor (1), the reader is invited to observe the subsequent Figure 5. Continuing with the definition of the present figure, the location of the generator (9), fixed to the base of the gondola (91), and communicates with the rotor (1) by means of the generator shaft (90), in which it can be seen how the actuator (4) goes inside said axis of the generator, and in which said actuator
    (2) does not rotate but only has an axial forward / backward movement, while the shaft (90) has a circular motion. It is also seen again how the shaft (90) of the spindle generator of a support (92) prior to entering the bushing, said shaft support having an inner bearing (920) that allows the shaft to rotate and which in turn center for connection with the rotor (1). In the same way, it can be seen how the brake (8) is located next to the generator (9), followed and separated by a support plate of the hydraulic power plant (5) that is placed on the separator (50) between the brake (8) and the piston (6), in which at the end of said piston (6) we find the transponder or position sensor (7). At this point it should be noted that the actuator (4) passes the brake (8) and is housed in the piston (7). This piston (6) has a position sensor O transponder (7) which is connected and directs the piston rod (61), guided by the piston (62) inner piston. This rod (61) is the one that communicates and joins with the end of the actuator (4), such that the rod (61) directed by the transponder (7) transmits the exact necessary movement to the actuator (4), which finally in its internal axial movement along the axis (90) of the generator, it transmits said displacement to the slider (2) of the rotor (1) and therefore precisely moves the position of the blades (11) thanks to all the elements previously commented. Although it is not drawn, the control system is included in the power control unit in a cabinet installed in a house at ground level, therefore, the control system sends it through the collector (93) or tower programmed signals or algorithms of forward and reverse to the actuator (4), by sending the exact signal to the position sensor (7) of the piston (6).
    Figure 5 defines the connection zone between the actuator (4) and the base (10) of the rotor (1). As previously mentioned, the support and base (10) of the rotor (1) has a central opening, through which the actuator (4) located inside the shaft (90) of the generator is inserted into of the rotor (1). In the connection zone between the actuator (4) and the base (22) of the slide (2), bearings (23) are located, preferably in two planes, which allow the shaft (9) of the generator to turn on one side. without interacting with the actuator (4), and also centrally position the actuator (4) on the base (22) of the slide. In this sense at the base (22) of the slide (2) there is also a small notch (220) that allows the end of the actuator (4) to be introduced and the transmission of the force and movement of forward and reverse is more reliable . On the other hand it is observed how the shaft (90) of the generator is attached and fixed to the generator support by means of a
    5 coupling (94).
    Finally, in Figure 6 it can be seen in a clear way how the rotor (1) has a triangular shape to reduce weight and at the same time offer great resistance, and with which it is sought that the material is only in the vectors of transmission of the forces, and being located inside the different elements that make up the variable step. In turn, it can be seen how said triangular shape is designed for a rotor (1) with three blades (1 1), whose solidarity movement is thanks to the movement described previously by the slide (2). The movement of the slide (2) with its sliders (24) transmits the movement to the braces (13), these to the connecting rods (14) and these communicate the movement to the axis of support 15 (12) of each one of the blades (11) of the wind turbine, as can be seen how the spring (3) is located in contact with the slide (2) (no
    referenced) and its final stop (30).
    Described sufficiently in what precedes the nature of the invention, taking into account that the terms that have been written in this specification should
    20 to be taken in a broad and non-limiting sense, as well as the description of the way to put it into practice, and, demonstrating that it constitutes a positive technical advance, is why the patent registration is requested, being what constitutes the essence of the aforementioned invention, which is specified in the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    1. Variable pitch assembly of active blade with passive safety system, intended for the control and adjustment of the blades (11) installed in the rotor (1) of a wind turbine, the wind turbine having a hub where said blades are located
    (eleven) which are fixed by means of a support shaft (12) to the rotor (1), and in which the generator
    (9) located and fixed in the gondola of the wind turbine has a generator shaft (90) with which the generator (9) and the TOtor (1) are communicated, in which the shaft (90) of the generator that has a radial movement has of a support (92) prior to the entry to the bushing, and in which said assembly is characterized in that it is constituted by a slide (2) that is located in the rotor (1) and is connected to the different support axes (12) of the blades (11) by means of braces (13), connecting rods (14) and slider, in which the slider (2) is moved axially by the action of the actuator (4) that is located inside the axis (90) of the generator and which is driven by a position sensor (7) that receives the instructions of a programmed algorithm, in which the position sensor (7) is located inside a piston (6) connected to a hydraulic power plant (5) and a brake (8) located next to the generator (9), and in which the rotor has a follower spring (3) rity between the slide (2) and the corresponding stop
    (30) of its spring, in such a way that in the device when the piston (6) moves the actuator (4) and this to the slide (2), the axial movement of the slide (2) transmits a movement in solidarity with each one of the support shafts (12) of the blades
    (eleven ).
    [2]
    2. Variable pitch assembly of active blade with passive safety system, according to the characteristics of claim 1, wherein the rotor (1) is characterized by being triangular in shape.
    [3]
    3. Variable pitch assembly of active blade with passive safety system, according to the characteristics of claim 1, wherein the rotor (1) is characterized by having a central opening in its base or support (10) that generates the area of connection of the shaft (90) of the generator and introduction of the actuator (4) into the rotor (1).
    [4]
    Four. Variable pitch assembly of active blade with passive safety system, according to the characteristics of claim 3, characterized in that the shaft (90) of the generator is attached and fixed to the base (10) of the rotor (1) by means of a coupling (94).
    [5]
    5. Variable pitch assembly of active blade with passive safety system, according to the characteristics of claim 3, characterized in that in the introduction zone between the actuator (4) and the rotor (1) there are bearings (23) ) that center the actuator (4) on the base (22) of the slide inside the rotor (1).
    [6]
    6. Variable pitch assembly of active blade with passive safety system, according to the features of claim 5, wherein the base (22) of the slide (2) is characterized in that there is a small notch (220) that allows the end of the actuator (4) is inserted into it.
    [7]
    7. Variable pitch assembly of active blade with passive safety system, according to the features of claim 1, wherein the axial movement of the slide
    (2) is characterized by being fixed by means of a plurality of guides (20).
    [8]
    8. Variable pitch assembly of active blade with passive safety system, according to the characteristics of claim 1, wherein the piston (6) is characterized in that it has a mobile rod (61) in ConLaCIU with e! end of! ar.:Loader (4), said rod being guided by a plunger (62) in contact with the position sensor (7).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2567505B2|2016-12-12|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP2336556A1|2008-09-25|2011-06-22|Sonkyo, S.L.|Device for adjusting the blade pitch of a wind generator|
    EP2570655A1|2011-09-16|2013-03-20|IMO Holding GmbH|Small-scale wind energy assembly and device for active adjustment of a blade for same|
    GB2514845A|2013-06-07|2014-12-10|Statoil Petroleum As|Wind turbine control|
    WO2015014367A1|2013-08-01|2015-02-05|Hydratech Industries Wind Power A/S|Hydraulic pitch system utilizing pilot pressured reservoir for wind turbines|CN109555644A|2017-09-25|2019-04-02|李受勋|Wind power generation plant and with the vehicle-carried of the wind power generation plant|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201630010A|ES2567505B2|2016-01-11|2016-01-11|Variable pitch set of active blade with passive safety system|ES201630010A| ES2567505B2|2016-01-11|2016-01-11|Variable pitch set of active blade with passive safety system|
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